Systems Analysis and Design Exercise 06

1. The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the process of _____.
A. building an information system
B. delivering an information system to a client
C. designing an information system
D. understanding how an information system can support business needs
E. all of the above

2. In which phase of the SDLC is the system proposal developed?
A. analysis
B. design
C. implementation
D. planning
E. system delivery

3. In which phase of the SDLC is the system specification developed?
A. analysis
B. design
C. implementation
D. planning
E. system delivery

4. The primary advantage of the Waterfall Development methodology is that _____.
A. a version of the system is quickly delivered into the users' hands
B. requirements evolve through users' feedback about the system
C. features and functionality of the system are explored through simple models
D. requirements are completely specified and held relatively constant prior to programming
E. there is a long time lapse prior to completion

5. _____ development is a structured design methodology that divides the project into a series of distinct subprojects that can be designed and implemented together.
A. Parallel
B. Phased
C. Prototyping
D. Rapid Application
E. Throwaway Prototyping

6. Which of the following systems development methodologies involves developing the system in a series of sequential versions?
A. Parallel Development
B. Phased Development
C. Prototyping
D. Throw-Away Prototyping
E. Waterfall Development

7. Kim repeatedly performs the analysis, design, and implementation phases concurrently in a cycle until the system is completed. She is following the _____ methodology.
A. parallel
B. phased
C. prototyping
D. rapid application throwaway prototyping
E. waterfall

8. The _____ development methodology is never recommended when system reliability is very critical.
A. parallel
B. phased
C. prototyping
D. throwaway prototyping
E. waterfall

9. The most commonly used information-gathering technique is _____.
A. interviewing
B. joint application design (JAD) sessions
C. document analysis
D. observation
E. questionnaires

10. A systems analyst has prepared an interview agenda that begins with a number of specific, detailed questions, and then asks the interviewee to make general statements about the policies and procedure of the business process. The analyst is following a(n) _____ interview structure.
A. bottom up
B. closed
C. open ended
D. probing
E. top down

11. A JAD facilitator is _____.
A. allowed to participate in the discussion to settle a disagreement
B. enters key information into the computer
C. is also a power user
D. the person who records the discussion
E. the person who sets the meeting agenda

12. The information-gathering strategy most commonly used to gather information OUTSIDE of the organization is _____.
A. document analysis
B. interviewing
C. joint application design (JAD) sessions
D. observation
E. use of questionnaires

13. The examination of existing paperwork in order to better understand the as-is system is an example of what information-gathering strategy?
A. document analysis
B. interviewing
C. joint application design (JAD) sessions
D. observation
E. questionnaires

14. During document analysis Kim has learned that the users in the purchasing department have created their own forms. This is a clear sign that the _____.
A. as-is system is meeting user needs
B. department was overlooked during the interview process
C. process does not need improvements
D. system needs to be changed
E. users in the department are innovative

15. Each use case describes how the system reacts to a(n) _____ that occurs to trigger the system.
A. activity
B. event
C. model
D. session
E. tropical

16. When developing use cases, the project team first identifies the _____.
A. managers that supervise the use case department
B. place where the use case occurs
C. time the use case begins
D. triggering event that causes the use case to occur
E. users who perform the use case

17. A common omission by end users when identifying elements within Use Case steps is _____.
A. analytical analysis of the identity elements
B. JAD session classification
C. requirements definition
D. role play analysis
E. seldom used activities or special cases

18. Validating that the use case is correct and complete is the major activity performed during which step of the Writing Use Case Reports process?
A. identify elements within steps
B. identify the major steps within each use case
C. identify the use cases
D. confirm the use case
E. write the use case report

19. Which of the following is a component of a data flow diagram that represents an activity or a function that is performed for some specific business reason?
A. data flow
B. data store
C. entity
D. external entity
E. process

20. Which of the following is a component of a data flow diagram that represents a person, organization, or system that is outside the system but interacts with it?
A. data flow
B. data store
C. external entity
D. process
E. relationship

21. The DFD that shows the overall business system as just one process and shows the data flows to and from external entities is called a(n) _____.
A. process model
B. context diagram
C. level 0 diagram
D. level 1 diagram
E. level 2 diagram

22. When a process produces two different data flows under different circumstances, this is called a(n) _____.
A. alternative data flow
B. approved data flow
C. join
D. mutual exclusive
E. split

23. Each step of a Use Case usually become a(n) _____ on the Level 1 Data Flow Diagram.
A. data flow
B. data store
C. external entity
D. join
E. process

24. A data model is a formal way of representing _____.
A. a physical process model
B. how a business system processes
C. the current system’s procedures (i.e., the as-is system)
D. the data that are used and created by a business system
E. the new procedures for the to-be system

25. The _____ is the basic building block for a data model.
A. attribute
B. data flow
C. entity
D. process
E. relationship

26. The maximum number of times that an instance of Entity A can be related to an instance or instances of Entity B is its _____.
A. associative relationship
B. balance
C. cardinality
D. dependent relationship
E. modality

27. An entity that is created to store information about the relationship between two other entities is called a(n) _____ entity.
A. dependent
B. incomplete
C. independent
D. intersection
E. non-identifying

28. When the analyst is evaluating a data model to ensure that all fields in a record depend fully on the entire primary key, which step of normalization is being performed?
A. base normal form
B. first normal form
C. second normal form
D. third normal form
E. cannot tell from the above information

29. The first step in the Design Phase is to _____.
A. convert logical process and data models to physical
B. create the deliverable
C. design the architecture
D. design the inputs and outputs
E. present design alternatives

30. The following are all strengths of a custom development design strategy EXCEPT _____.
A. builds technical skills
B. creates functional knowledge in-house
C. greater creativity
D. greater flexibility
E. lower risk

31. An advantage of purchasing packaged software is that the organization can _____.
A. accept functionality that is not a perfect fit
B. build technical skills and functional knowledge
C. have developers climb the knowledge ladder
D. make strategic changes during implementation
E. save money on the purchase

32. Manipulating certain parameters to refine the way features work in a software package is called _____.
A. a workaround
B. adjustment
C. customization
D. feature adjustability
E. parameterizing

33. A disadvantage of outsourcing the application development process is that the organization may _____.
A. build technical skills and functional knowledge in-house
B. lose control over confidential information
C. accept functionality that is far from a perfect fit
D. remove all risk from the project
E. make strategic changes during implementation

34. When moving from the logical data flow diagram to the physical, the first step is to _____.
A. add implementation references
B. add system related data store
C. draw human-machine boundaries
D. update the data elements
E. update the metadata

35. The plan for the creation of the hardware and software infrastructure is commonly called _____.
A. architecture design
B. hardware specifications
C. software specifications
D. network model
E. presentation logic

36. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic functions of a computer application?
A. application logic
B. data access logic
C. data storage
D. networking logic
E. presentation logic

37. The application function that is documented in the data flow diagrams is called _____.
A. application logic
B. data access logic
C. data storage
D. presentation logic
E. network logic

38. A server in the client-based architecture performs which of the following application functions?
A. application logic
B. data access logic and presentation logic
C. data storage
D. data storage and presentation logic
E. presentation logic and application logic

39. Assume that your network has a server and three clients, the network is an example of a(n) _____.
A. n-tiered architecture
B. single-tiered architecture
C. three-tiered architecture
D. tireless architecture
E. two-tiered architecture

40. When all files are regularly tested for worms, bugs, and illicit programs; this is an example of _____ requirements.
A. access control
B. encryption and authentication
C. portability
D. technical environment
E. virus control

41. A(n) _____ file stores past transactions that may no longer be needed, is usually stored off-line, and can be accessed on an as-needed basis.
A. audit
B. history
C. look-up
D. master
E. transaction

42. The most efficient tables in a relational database in terms of storage space have _____.
A. no redundant data and few null values
B. no redundant data and plenty of null values
C. redundant data and few null values
D. redundant data and plenty of null values
E. repeat customer information

43. The process of adding redundancy back into a physical data model is known as _____.
A. balancing
B. clustering
C. denormalization
D. indexing
E. normalization

44. In a structure chart, the element that communicates that a message or a system flag is being passed from one module to another is known as a _____.
A. conditional line
B. connector
C. control couple
D. data couple
E. loop

45. The purpose of a(n) _____ is to communicate that a module is repeated in a structure chart.
A. conditional line
B. control couple
C. iteration
D. loop
E. module

46. _____ is essentially a function or procedure call from one object to another, and is the information sent to objects to trigger methods.
A. encapsulation
B. information hiding
C. inheritance
D. a message
E. polymorphism

47. _____ is the general template used to define and create specific instances or objects.
A. a class
B. inheritance
C. a message
D. polymorphism
E. a method

48. A highly cohesive unit that contains both data and processes is known as a(n) _____.
A. class
B. concrete class
C. entity
D. event
E. object

49. The class diagram in Unified Modelling Language (UML) is similar to what diagram in traditional systems analysis and design?
A. context diagram
B. data model
C. network diagram
D. process model
E. structure diagram

50. The UML diagramming technique that shows the different state that a single class passes through in reponse to events is the _____ diagram.
A. class
B. sequence
C. statechart
D. use case
E. component
[50 marks total for Section A]

SECTION B
1. This question is about Program Design and Structure Charts
a) In what way is a structure chart useful for program design? List the four steps required to produce a structure chart.

b) Construct a structure chart based on the following program scenario, including an explanation of all parts of your diagram:
You are working for a computer video game company, and you are asked to design a new game called Alien Invaders. In each life, the player tries to destroy the enemy before he/she is killed. In this game the player has 3 lives. At the end of each life, the score is calculated and displayed. When all 3 lives have been lost, if the score is greater than the current high score, the player is presented with the message ‘Well Done - you have beaten the High-Score!’. Otherwise, the message ‘You have not beaten the High-Score - Press Fire Button to play again!’ is shown. Then, the High-Score list itself is displayed.

2. This question is about Process Modelling and Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs).
a) Explain the meaning of the following terms as used in process modelling: data store, decomposition, level 0 DFD, and level 1 DFD.

b) Identify the processes, data flows, data stores, and external entities in the following situation. Provide a diagram to illustrate your answer.
For a restaurant business, at the end of a day a management report is produced that extracts the daily items-sold amounts from the items-sold file and the daily inventory depletion amounts from the inventory file. The report is forwarded to the restaurant management. At the end of the week a weekly summary report of items-sold and inventory depletion is created and distributed on-line to the corporate headquarters in Richmond.

3. This question is about Data Modelling and Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs)
(adapted from Dennis & Wixom, 2000)
a) Consider the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) above. This is part of a diagram showing the data and relationships in an online CD Sales and Marketing System.
Explain the terms cardinality, modality, entity, attribute and identifier, using the above diagram as an example.

b) Redraw the above diagram in your answerbook, modifying it to add customer details, including lastname, firstname, address, city, postcode, and email. Indicate the relationships, modality and cardinality clearly in your diagram.