Find pattern from a file using grep, egrep or fgrep utility

The grep or egrep or fgrep utility is used to find pattern from a file and print the output. We can use these utilities to search words from multiple files.

You can put the searching patterns inside single quotes.

The syntax of using grep is,
grep pattern file_1 file_2 ..... file_n

Let's do our experiment on two files named blog_info.txt and myself.txt. The contents of this two files are shown below.

# vi blog_info.txt
Welcome to http://arjudba.blogspot.com blog.
This blog contains day to day tasks of Arju.
Most of the contents of this blog is oracle+php+shell scripts.
Thanks for visiting this blog.

# vi myself.txt
Assalamu Alaikum - which means peace be upon you.
I am Arju. I work as DBA Consultant.
I also help people to learn oracle online.
I completed by B.Sc from IUT.
I try to update my blog regularly.

Let's now search for Arju keyword from both of these files.

# grep 'Arju' blog_info.txt myself.txt
blog_info.txt:This blog contains day to day tasks of Arju.
myself.txt:I am Arju. I work as DBA Consultant.

With grep command you can use several options. Below is some of them.

1)-h : If you search from more than one files like in the above output after searching "Arju" keyword the lines from both of the files are displayed containing Arju plus the file name are shown before the output. If you don't want file name to be displayed then you can use -h option.

# grep -h 'Arju' blog_info.txt myself.txt
This blog contains day to day tasks of Arju.
I am Arju. I work as DBA Consultant.

2)-w : Let's search for 'is' keyword from both files. Any word containing 'is' keyword will appear. So word containing this also will appear.

# grep 'is' blog_info.txt myself.txt
blog_info.txt:This blog contains day to day tasks of Arju.
blog_info.txt:Most of the contents of this blog is oracle+php+shell scripts.
blog_info.txt:Thanks for visiting this blog.

Now if we want to restrict search containing just 'is' keyword only then use grep with -w option.

# grep -w 'is' blog_info.txt myself.txt
blog_info.txt:Most of the contents of this blog is oracle+php+shell scripts.

3)-b : If you want to print the word position number of the search text within the file then use -b option.

# grep -b 'is' blog_info.txt myself.txt
blog_info.txt:45:This blog contains day to day tasks of Arju.
blog_info.txt:90:Most of the contents of this blog is oracle+php+shell scripts.
blog_info.txt:153:Thanks for visiting this blog.

In the first line 45 is printed as position of T is 45 of word "This" which conatins "is".

4)-c : If you use -c option, then it displays only a count of the number of matched lines and not the lines themselves.

# grep -c 'is' blog_info.txt myself.txt
blog_info.txt:3
myself.txt:0

So within blog_info.txt the "is" keyword is appeared three times but within myself.txt there is no such "is" keyword.

5)-e : With -e option you can specify one or more patterns for which grep is to search. You may indicate each pattern with a separate -e option character, or with newlines within pattern. For example, the following two commands are equivalent:
grep -e pattern_1 -e pattern_2 file
grep -e 'pattern_1 pattern_2' file

For example to search either keyword "Arju" or "IUT." from both file you can issue,

# grep -e 'Arju' -e 'IUT.' blog_info.txt myself.txt
blog_info.txt:This blog contains day to day tasks of Arju.
myself.txt:I am Arju. I work as DBA Consultant.
myself.txt:I completed by B.Sc from IUT.

6)-f : The -f patternfile reads one or more patterns from patternfile. Patterns in patternfile are separated by newlines.


7)-i : The -i option tells grep to ignore case. So if you use -i option keyword "blog" and "BlOg" treated same.

8)-l : The -l option prints the file name that contain the matching lines.
# grep -l 'IUT' blog_info.txt myself.txt
myself.txt

As "IUT" word is present inside file myself.txt so that is printed.

9)-n : The -n option precedes each line with the line number where it was found.
# grep -n 'IUT' myself.txt
4:I completed by B.Sc from IUT.

Before printing line 4 is printed as it is found on line 4.

10)-q : The -q option suppresses output and simply returns appropriate return code.

11)-s : The -s option suppresses the display of any error messages for nonexistent or unreadable files.

12)-U[b|B|l|L]: The -U option forces the specified files to be treated as Unicode files. By default, these utilities assume that Unicode characters are little-endian. If a byte-order marker is present, that is used to determine the byte order for the characters. You can force Unicode characters to be treated as big-endian by specifying -Ub or -UB. Similarly, you can force them to be treated as little-endian by specifying -Ul or -UL.

13)-v : The -v option displays all lines not matching a pattern.
For example if we want to print the line numbers where "I" letter is not found then issue,

# grep -v 'I' myself.txt
Assalamu Alaikum - which means peace be upon you.

14)-x : The -x option is used to find line that requires a string to match an entire line.

# grep -x 'I completed by B.Sc from IUT.' myself.txt
I completed by B.Sc from IUT.

fgrep searches files for one or more pattern arguments, but does not use regular expressions. It does direct string comparison to find matching lines of text in the input.

egrep works similarly, but uses extended regular expression matching. If you include special characters in patterns typed on the command line, escape them by enclosing them in apostrophes to prevent inadvertent misinterpretation by the shell or command interpreter. To match a character that is special to egrep, a backslash (\) should be put in front of the character. It is usually easier to use fgrep if you don't need special pattern matching.

Related Documents
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http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/data-manipulation-using-awk-utility-in.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/translate-or-replace-characters-using.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/join-utility-in-linux.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/merge-lines-using-paste-utility-on.html

Remove duplicate successive line using uniq utility

With uniq utility you can remove duplicate line if they are within successive line. For example you have successive identical line in the file, then with uniq you can discard all but one of successive identical lines from the file. Consider you have following lines within with files.

# vi student_data.txt
Roll number is 024401
His Name is Rafi
His Name is Rafi
He is 24 years old.
Roll number is 024401

Then using use uniq utility as below will yield following result.

# uniq student_data.txt
Roll number is 024401
His Name is Rafi
He is 24 years old.
Roll number is 024401

Note that within file there was two duplicate lines. One is, "Roll number is 024401" and another is "His Name is Rafi". Using the "uniq" output only "His Name is Rafi" line is omitted because they are successive identical lines. However "Roll number is 024401" text line is not removed because they are not successive though they are identical. So uniq utility is used to remove adjacent identical line only.

With the help of "sort" command uniq can be used to remove all duplicate lines within a file regardless of they are successive or not. Following is an example which will remove all duplicate lines within file student_data.txt and save it as sort_student.txt.

# sort student_data.txt | uniq > sort_student.txt

# cat sort_student.txt
He is 24 years old.
His Name is Rafi
Roll number is 024401

Related Documents
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http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/data-manipulation-using-awk-utility-in.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/translate-or-replace-characters-using.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/join-utility-in-linux.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/merge-lines-using-paste-utility-on.html

Edit file on linux using sed utility

With sed utility you can edit text inside file directly. It is not needed to open the file using any editor and then do editing task. sed is stream editor for filtering and transforming text.

Below is my student_grade.txt
# cat student_grade.txt
024401 4.98
024402 4.95
024403 4.95
024404 4.50
024405 4.95

Now using sed utility we will replace first few digits of "student_id" that is 0244 by "Roll:".

The syntax of using sed utility is,
sed {expression} {file}

Now using sed utility we want to replace "0244" with "Roll:"
# sed '/0244/s//Roll:/g' student_grade.txt
Roll:01 4.98
Roll:02 4.95
Roll:03 4.95
Roll:04 4.50
Roll:05 4.95

Let's now understand about the command.
within single quote,
/0244 indicates search for string 024434.
/s means substitute or replace work.
//Roll: means replace the word "0244" by "Roll:"
/g means make the changes global

Related Documents

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http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/translate-or-replace-characters-using.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/join-utility-in-linux.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/merge-lines-using-paste-utility-on.html

Data manipulation using awk utility in linux

With awk utility you can scan a pattern within file record and then process the record as you want. Suppose you have the student_grade.txt like below. First field is
student id and second field is grade. Both field is separated by tab delimiter.

# cat student_grade.txt
024401  4.98
024402  4.95
024403  4.95
024404  4.50
024405  4.95

Now we want to find out those student id whose grade is 4.95. With awk utility we can do this. We will search each record for the grade 4.95 and then print the 1st field.

The syntax of usage awk utiity is,
awk 'pattern_action' {file_name}

Now we can extract the student id whose grade is 4.95 by,
# awk '/4.95/{print $1}' student_grade.txt
024402
024403
024405

It will search for 4.95 within each record of file student_grade.txt and then by command "print $1" it will print first field.

Meta characters used in awk
To search for a pattern in awr you can use various meta characters. The list of meta characters along with their meaning is given below.

1). (Dot): Match any character
2)* : Match zero or more character
3)^ : Match beginning of line
4)$ : Match end of line
5)\ : Escape character following
6)[ ] : Match any of the list of characters
7){ } : Match range of instance
8)+ : Match one more preceding
9)? : Match zero or one preceding
10)| : Separate choices to match

Predefined variables in awk
1)FILENAME : Name of current input file
2)RS : Input record separator character (Default is new line)
3)OFS : Output field separator string (Blank is default)
4)ORS : Output record separator string (Default is new line)
5)NF : Number of input record
6)NR : Number of fields in input record
7)OFMT : Output format of number
8)FS : Field separator character (Blank & tab is default)

Related Documents
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http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/join-utility-in-linux.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/merge-lines-using-paste-utility-on.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/retrieve-column-from-file-using-cut.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/getopts-command-in-linux-shell-script.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/shift-command-and-uses-of-it-in-shell.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/trap-command-on-linux-shell-script.html

Translate or replace characters using tr utility

With tr command you can translate letter from uppercase to lowercase and vice-versa. In other word, with tr command you can replace a letter by another letter.

The syntax for using tr command is,
tr {source_pattern} {destination_pattern}

Each letter in source_pattern is replaced by corresponding letter in destination_pattern. For example if you write

tr "a6" "7y"

then from the string or file every "a" will be replaced by "7",
and every "6" will be replaced by "y".

Let's see an example. My names.txt looks like below.
# cat names.txt
momin
arju
bony
tany
azmeri
queen
tasreen

Now we want letter "o" will be replaced by number "0".
Letter "i" will be replaced by number "1".
Small letter "e" will be replaced by capital letter "E".

# tr "oie" "01E"
m0m1n
arju
b0ny
tany
azmEr1
quEEn
tasrEEn

We can also capitalize all letters inside names.txt with single statement. We can convert to both lowercase to uppercase and vice-versa.

In the following example, letters within names.txt is converted to all capitals.

# tr "a-z" "A-Z" <> names_capital.txt

# cat names_capital.txt
MOMIN
ARJU
BONY
TANY
AZMERI
QUEEN
TASREEN

Related Documents
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http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/merge-lines-using-paste-utility-on.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/retrieve-column-from-file-using-cut.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/getopts-command-in-linux-shell-script.html

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Join utility in linux

We have seen that paste utility discussed on http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/merge-lines-using-paste-utility-on.html is used to merge line by lines(line 1 of file1 is merged to line 1 of file2 and etc) within two files. But the join utility is used to merge if there is common field in both file and if values are identical to each other. Join does not work line by line. It works with all the lines between file to search for identical values.

A example will make you more clear. We have id_age.txt and id_dept.txt file and data are shown below. Both join and paste are shown below.

# cat id_age.txt
024401 28
024402 26
024434 23

# cat id_dept.txt
024401 CIT
024434 CSE
024438 EEE

# paste id_age.txt id_dept.txt
024401 28 024401 CIT
024402 26 024434 CSE
024434 23 024438 EEE

# join id_age.txt id_dept.txt
024401 28 CIT
024434 23 CSE

Note that the id 024434 is on the 2nd line of the id_dept.txt but the id 024434 is on the 3rd line of the id_age.txt and merge is done successfully.
Related Documents
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Merge lines using paste utility on linux

In the post Retrieve column from file using cut utility in linux written on http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/retrieve-column-from-file-using-cut.html
it is discussed about the cut utility. The same example is used in this post. The paste command is used to merge lines together. For example in the cut example I made two files named id.txt and grade.txt. In this example I will merge them into one using paste utility.

The syntax of using paste utility is,

paste {file1} {file2}

The first line of file2 is appended to the first line of file1.
The second line of file2 is appended to the second line of file1 and so on.

Now we will make a file named id_grade.txt that will merge two files named id.txt and grade.txt generated in http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/retrieve-column-from-file-using-cut.html

To do so issue,
# paste id.txt grade.txt > id_grade.txt

Let's see the information inside id_grade.txt

# cat id_grade.txt
024401 4.98
022401 3.98
021401 4.76
024402 4.02
022402 3.99

Related Documents
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http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/getopts-command-in-linux-shell-script.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/shift-command-and-uses-of-it-in-shell.html

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Retrieve column from file using cut utility in linux

Suppose we have following file named student_info.txt where first field is student ID, second field is grade and third field is department.

# vi student_info.txt
024401  4.98  CIT
022401  3.98  EEE
021401  4.76  MCE
024402  4.02  CIT
022402  3.99  EEE

Note that fields are separated by tab delimiter.

With the cut utility we can extract first or second or third field from the file.
The syntax of usage cut command is,
cut -f{field number} {file-name}

Where the field number is the column number in the file, like 1,2,3 etc. Note that field number is adjacent with -f, so there is no whitespace between them.

And the file-name is the name of the file.

Now we want to extract the list of student ID i.e first field in the field. Then use it as,

# cut -f1 student_info.txt
024401
022401
021401
024402
022402

We can also save the output to a file. Suppose we want to extract the grade information from the file and save it inside grade.txt file. Use it as,

# cut -f2 student_info.txt >grade.txt

# cat grade.txt
4.98
3.98
4.76
4.02
3.99

To extract student ID information into file id.txt issue,
# cut -f1 student_info.txt >id.txt

# cat id.txt
024401
022401
021401
024402
022402

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http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/trap-command-on-linux-shell-script.html

getopts command in linux shell script

The getopts command in shell script is used to check the valid command line arguments passed into script. The syntax of using getopts inside shell script is,

getopts {optsring} {variable_name}

From the manual page,
"optstring contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by white space. Each time it is invoked, getopts places the next option in the shell variable variable_name, When an option requires an argument, getopts places that argument into the variable OPTARG. On errors getopts diagnostic messages are printed when illegal options or missing option arguments are encountered. If an illegal option is seen, getopts places ? into variable_name."

For example you have a shell script named student_info that would be run by,
./student_info -i 024434 -a 23 -d CIT -s male
where student_info is the shell script name
-i is used for the student id.
-a is used for age.
-d is used for department.
-s is used for sex.

Now if you see user is giving wrong argument rather than these, then you can show user about the script usage information.

Let's look at the code.

# vi getopts.sh
{
 echo "Usage Syntax: $0 -i -a -d -s"
 echo "-i Student ID"
 echo "-a Age"
 echo "-d Department"
 echo "-s Sex"
 exit 1
}
if [ $# -lt 1 ]
 then
 help_menu
fi
while getopts i:a:d:s: option
 do
 case "$option" in
   i) id="$OPTARG";;
   a) age="$OPTARG";;
   s) sex="$OPTARG";;
   d) dept="$OPTARG";;
   \?) help_menu
 esac
done
echo "Student ID: $id ,Age: $age ,Sex: $sex ,Department: $dept "

# chmod +x getopts.sh

If you run getopts.sh without any argument then it will display the usage syntax.
# ./getopts.sh
Usage Syntax: ./getopts.sh -i -a -d -s
-i Student ID
-a Age
-d Department
-s Sex

If you give correct arguments then it will display as below.
# ./getopts.sh -i 024434 -a 23 -s male -d CIT
Student ID: 024434 ,Age: 23 ,Sex: male ,Department: CIT

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http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/shift-command-and-uses-of-it-in-shell.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/trap-command-on-linux-shell-script.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/functions-in-shell-script.html

The shift command and uses of it in shell script

What is shift command
As you know on shell prompt if you type "./shift_test.sh one two foo" then shift_test.sh is executed and three arguments are passed into it one,two and foo corresponds to $1, $2 and $3 respectively.
That is,
$1=one
$2=two
$3=foo

Now suppose I want to make shift the position parameter by one or two. To do the task we need to use shift command. In fact, simple use of the shift command moves the current values stored in the positional parameters (command line args) to the left one position. So, after usage shift command we will get,
$1=two
$2=foo

and $3 becomes null.

We can also do shift the positional parameters by 2. In that case we have to write
shift 2
And after shift by 2 position values would be,
$1=foo
and $2, $3 become null.
A simple example of shift command is show below which will shift the positional parameters by 1.

# vi shift_test.sh
echo "Current positional parameters \$1=$1, \$2=$2, \$3=$3"
shift
echo "after shift by 1 it becomes : \$1=$1, \$2=$2, \$3=$3"


# chmod +x shift_test.sh

# ./shift_test.sh one two foo
Current positional parameters $1=one, $2=two, $3=foo
after shift by 1 it becomes : $1=two, $2=foo, $3=

Usage of shift command in shell script
Before going into shift command usage let's see a simple example of how to convert one number system into another number system.
The format of converting number is,
echo "obase=to_which_number_system_to_convert; ibase=from_which_number_system_to_convert; number_to_convert;"|bc

For example to convert number 15 from decimal(10 base system) to hexadecimal(16 base system) issue,

# echo "obase=16; ibase=10; 15;"|bc
F

To convert number 15 from decimal(10 base system) to binary(2 base system) issue,
# echo "obase=2; ibase=10; 15;"|bc
1111

To convert number 15 from decimal(10 base system) to octal(8 base system) issue,
# echo "obase=8; ibase=10; 15;"|bc
17

Now we want to write a shell script that will convert one number system to another number system.

User will give the number in decimal (with -n syntax) and will provide base system to convert(-b). Shell script will return the number in the defined base system.

For example my shell script name is convert_from_decimal.sh and to convert decimal 15 to hexadecimal it can be called as,

./convert_from_decimal -b 16 -n 15
or
./convert_from_decimal -n 15 -b 16

Script is below.

# cat convert_from_decimal
while [ "$1" ]
do
  if [ "$1" = "-b" ]; then
       base="$2"
       shift 2
  elif [ "$1" = "-n" ]
  then
     number="$2"
     shift 2
  else
     echo "$1 is not a valid option"
     exit 1
  fi
done
echo "Decimal $number equivalent $base - base system is `echo "obase=$base; ibase=10; $number;"|bc`"

# chmod +x convert_from_decimal

# ./convert_from_decimal -b 16 -n 15
Decimal 15 equivalent 16 - base system is F

# ./convert_from_decimal -n 15 -b 16
Decimal 15 equivalent 16 - base system is F


Related Documents
http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/trap-command-on-linux-shell-script.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/basic-shell-programming-commands-quote.html

After installing magento can't log in to admin panel

Problem Description
While installing magento on xampp version 2.5 you have provided admin username and password. After installation finished you no longer login with your admin account. In fact in the "Log in to Admin Panel" window whenever you provide wrong password/username combination it displays "Invalid Username or Password." But whenever you provide correct password it does not show anything. Though a new url like
http://127.0.0.1/magento/index.php/admin/index/index/key/d135be4de664ab83db829120740e058a/
is displayed on the address bar.
Everytime you do this you can't log in to admin panel.

Cause of the problem
The problem occurs because magneto could not store cookies. We run it as localhost and localhost is not true domain but to store cookies we need a domain. That's why login stops without saying any word.

Solution of the problem
Way 1:
In different forums I saw they mentioned connecting as http://localhost/magento/index.php/admin will fail but if you connect as http://127.0.0.1/magento/index.php/admin it will work. But in my case IP address in the URL did not work too.
I made it work into whenever I changed my browser. Suppose I installed magento using google chrome browser and I open admin url into my firefox window and it worked. Though in the firefox the url http://localhost/magento/index.php/admin did not work, but url http://127.0.0.1/magento/index.php/admin worked fine.

Way 2:
-Go to app/code/core/Mage/Core/Model/Session/Abstract/Varien.php file within your magento directory.

-Find the code,

session_set_cookie_params(
           $this->getCookie()->getLifetime(),
           $this->getCookie()->getPath(),
           $this->getCookie()->getDomain(),
           $this->getCookie()->isSecure(),
           $this->getCookie()->getHttponly()
       );

-Replace above code by,

session_set_cookie_params(
           $this->getCookie()->getLifetime(),
           $this->getCookie()->getPath()
           //$this->getCookie()->getDomain(),
           //$this->getCookie()->isSecure(),
           //$this->getCookie()->getHttponly()
       );

-Save it and try to login to your magento admin panel.
It would work. :)

Related Documents
http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/magneto-installation-crashes-apache.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/installing-magneto-fails-with-php.html

Why I don't like yahoo services, problems of yahoo

1)A big advertising window with message unexpected HTTP Response -Status code:503:

After sending mail this message appear though my other services are working properly.

2)Yahoo mail could not load this message:

My network connection is ok. All other things are working properly. After waiting a long time to load mail at last it fails to load my emails.

3) Mail is not loaded at all:

I used yahoo beta. After clicking a mail it is not loaded at all. Only after double clicking of it it is loaded.

4)Captcha verification is asked each time:

While I try to send any time of email. It always ask for captcha entry. It is really pain to use yahoo mail.

5)Could not add more than 5000 contacts:

Now a days to contact every entry into my contact list it fails to add. So workaround I have to delete a contact from my contact list as it seems to me yahoo can't add more than 5000 contacts.

6)Yahoo Messenger Hangs:

Sometimes yahoo messeneger hangs. And I need to kill the process and reload messenger. Also yahoo messenger takes a high memory than other messenger with less functionality. With yahoo messenger I could not be able to archive my messege online. Yahoo never shows whether messge is successfully delivered.

7) Error Code 5 of yahoo:

While accessing mail yahoo reponded with error code 5 each time I load mail.

8) Mailbox busy problem:

My inbox is not loaded and after some minutes it return error message as below.

9) Unexpected HTTP Response problem:

Yahoo continues to pain us by bid advertisement window and with its worst services.

10) Spam folder loading time unlimited:

Good message reside under spam and spam message come in inbox. While loading spam folder it take unlimited time.

11) After all it fails to send message:

What more we can say about yahoo mail. Is it popular service? It fails to send messages.

12) Loading contacts fails:

I can't load my contact while typing the contact name. Even after sending message yahoo itself can't load them.

13) Sending taking a little longer than usual:

It waits for 2 minutes displaying message "Sending taking a little longer than usual".

14)Spam message shows in inbox and good message shows in spam:

This is great problem as spam folder is not loaded and my important emails goes in spam folder and all spam messages come in my inbox. Shit yahoo!

15)Horrible Yahoo:

While send messages sometimes it tell "A message could not be sent and a copy was not saved on the server."

I used to use yahoo mail and yahoo messeneger while I was in university. But now I am really frustrated with yahoo service. Among the many problems I want to share some in this post that I face daily.

16)It can't even save messge into drafts:

For the above reasons I would not like to choose yahoo mail services as well as their chat services. Google's services is the best one, gtalk also works fine for me. No adds on gtalk and at least a little ads on mail. I love google's services.

Related Documents
http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2008/08/list-of-available-advertising-network.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-to-make-money-online-please-read-it.html

Magneto installation crashes Apache HTTP Server

Problem Description
I downloaded magneto 1.3.1 and whenever I tried to installed on xampp version 2.5. After agree their terms I provided time, currency and language. Then in the next windows hostname, database name, password but after waiting a long time apache crashed with message "Apache HTTP Server has encountered a problem and needs to close. We are sorry for the inconvenience" And a dialog box came with title "apache.exe - Application Error" saying "The instruction at "%s" referenced memory at "0x00000000". The memory could not "read". The two figures are shown below.
















Cause of the problem
Before xampp 1.7.0 magneto installation worked perfect. But after xampp 1.7.0 magneto installation crashes apache. The reason is after xampp 1.7.0 php uses PDO and any php programs using PDO crashed apache. That's why whenever you install magneto with XAMPP 1.6.8 it would work perfect.

Solution of the Problem
From the link http://windows.php.net/downloads/snaps/php-5.2-win32-VC6-x86-latest.zip download php or download some higher version of php, then unzip, and finally copy libmysql.dll into xampp\apache\bin

After that restart your apache server and try to install magneto. It should work perfect.

If still you get error then check whether another instance of php that would have caused your issue or at least another php.ini file in the Windows folder perhaps and/or a path variable pointing to your other instance of php in the Environmental Variables or this points to "path" System Environment Variable or in a registry. In that removing those entry will fix the problem.

Related Documents
http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/installing-magneto-fails-with-php.html
http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/after-installing-magento-cant-log-in-to.html

Installing magneto fails with PHP Extension "curl" must be loaded

Problem Description
While install magneto it fails with message,
PHP Extension "curl" must be loaded

Cause of the problem
After the Magento release (0.6.12510) installation wizard, it is checked whether php_curl.dll extension is enabled inside php.ini file. If the extension is disabled then magneto installation fails with above message.

Solution of the problem
On your windows machine with XAMPP installed go to the apache/bin/ directory.

There you will find php.ini file. Open the file with any editing software (like notepad). Search for (CTRL+F) for curl. You will find a line like below.
;extension=php_curl.dll
which means it is commented. Comment out it i.e remove semicolon (;). In order word make it like below.
extension=php_curl.dll
and save the file.

After save it restart you apache web server.

And then try to install the magneto. You will see it is successful.

If you use debian linux or ubuntu then you can fix the problem by,
apt-get install php5-curl
Related Documents
http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/magneto-installation-crashes-apache.html

http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/04/after-installing-magento-cant-log-in-to.html